Mortgage
What is a Mortgage
A mortgage is a debt instrument, secured by the collateral of specified real estate property, that the borrower is obliged to pay back with a predetermined set of payments. Mortgages are used by individuals and businesses to make large real estate purchases without paying the entire value of the purchase up front. Over a period of many years, the borrower repays the loan, plus interest, until he/she eventually owns the property free and clear. Mortgages are also known as liens against property or claims on property. If the borrower stops paying the mortgage, the bank can foreclose.
In a residential mortgage, a home buyer pledges his or her house to the bank. The bank has a claim on the house should the home buyer default on paying the mortgage. In the case of a foreclosure, the bank may evict the homes tenants and sell the house, using the income from the sale to clear the mortgage debt.
Mortgages come in many forms. With a fixedrate mortgage, the borrower pays the same interest rate for the life of the loan. Her monthly principal and interest payment never change from the first mortgage payment to the last. Most fixedrate mortgages have a 15 or 30year term. If market interest rates rise, the borrower’s payment does not change. If market interest rates drop significantly, the borrower may be able to secure that lower rate by refinancing the mortgage. A fixedrate mortgage is also called a “traditional mortgage.
With an adjustablerate mortgage (ARM), the interest rate is fixed for an initial term, but then it fluctuates with market interest rates. The initial interest rate is often a belowmarket rate, which can make a mortgage seem more affordable than it really is. If interest rates increase later, the borrower may not be able to afford the higher monthly payments. Interest rates could also decrease, making an ARM less expensive. In either case, the monthly payments are unpredictable after the initial term.
Other less common types of mortgages, such as interestonly mortgages and paymentoption ARMs, are best used by sophisticated borrowers. Many homeowners got into financial trouble with these types of mortgages during the housing bubble years.
When shopping for a mortgage, it is beneficial to use a mortgage calculator, as these tools can give you an idea of the interest rates for the mortgage youre considering. Mortgage calculators can also help you calculate the total cost of interest over the life of the mortgage.
Accelerate Your Mortgage, Remove A Big Payment
I was recently asked about a mortgage acceleration program. The idea behind them is to join the program and pay off your house 2 or 3 years early, and save a bunch of money on interest. But what are they, and do they really work?
Most mortgage acceleration programs use the same basic principle. If you stick to it, you will actually pay off a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage in about 27 years, and as a result, you will save a few thousand dollars in interest payments.
As to how they work, the idea is very simple. For a fee, the companies will usually break your mortgage payment in half and have you pay it every two weeks, rather than one full payment every month. This tends to work out good for those of us that get paid every two weeks or every week. While making half payments every two weeks, the program actually forces you to make one extra full payment every year, thereby paying off your home early.
The process is simple, but is there a better way? Yes, there is.
Each of these programs usually charges you a fee to set the program up with your bank, and then another fee each time you make a payment. While you will come out ahead in the end (most of the time), you can really do this on your own without paying someone else to set it up.
If you want to make an extra payment each year, there are a few different ways to do it. If your mortgage payment is $1,200 per month for instance, divide it by 12 to get $100. That is how much extra you need to pay each month to equal an extra payment.
If you have paid weekly or bi-weekly, you can also take a portion of your extra two paychecks (26 paychecks at bi-weekly instead of 24), and apply that to your mortgage payment that month. By doing it on your own, you will save yourself the fees and keep the ball in your court. Of course, the good thing about any program is that when you are set up on it, you receive that bill every two weeks and you are liable to pay it on-time. Can you trust that you will have the will power to do it on your own with a bill telling you to?
As with anything financial, always make sure that you do things in the proper order.
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